Guides
FIRE, explained with real numbers
Short, sourced guides to financial independence and early retirement. Every example is computed with the same engine as our calculators, and every outside statistic links to its source.
- Guides
- 10
- Market history
- 1928-2025
- Last reviewed
- November 11, 2026
All guides
- Guide 01 Coast FIREWhat Is Coast FIRE? Meaning, How It Works and ExamplesCoast FIRE explained in plain English: the formula, the coast number by age, pros and cons, and how to know when you can stop saving.Read the guide
- Guide 02 FIRE numberHow to Calculate Your FIRE Number (Beyond 25x)The 25x rule, when it breaks, and how to adjust your FIRE number for Social Security, pensions, healthcare and early-retirement taxes.Read the guide
- Guide 03 4% ruleThe 4% Rule: What the Research Actually SaysWhere the 4% rule came from, what the Trinity study found, why early retirees often use 3.25% to 3.5%, and how our backtest compares.Read the guide
- Guide 04 Barista FIREWhat Is Barista FIRE? The Part-Time Path to FreedomHow Barista FIRE works, how much part-time income you need, health insurance before Medicare, and a worked example.Read the guide
- Guide 05 Fat FIREWhat Is Fat FIRE? Lean vs Chubby vs Fat FIRE ComparedFat FIRE defined, the spending tiers from Lean to Fat, what each needs at a 4% and 3.5% withdrawal rate, and tax drag at high spending.Read the guide
- Guide 06 Early retirementHow to Retire at 55: A Step-by-Step PlanHow much you need to retire at 55, the Rule of 55, bridging to Social Security and Medicare, and a sample plan with numbers.Read the guide
- Guide 07 FIREFIRE Statistics: Withdrawal Rates, Savings and BacktestsFIRE statistics from 98 years of market data and official surveys: how often withdrawal rates survived, retirement savings by age, and how long FIRE takes.Read the guide
- Guide 08 FIREWhat Is FIRE? Financial Independence, Retire EarlyFIRE explained: how financial independence and early retirement work, the math behind your FIRE number, the types of FIRE, and the risks to plan for.Read the guide
- Guide 09 Coast FIRECoast FIRE vs Barista FIRE: Which Fits Your Plan?Coast FIRE vs Barista FIRE compared with worked numbers: what each needs, how the work differs, health insurance, risks, and how to choose between them.Read the guide
- Guide 10 Early retirementHow to Retire at 40: How Much You Need and a PlanHow much you need to retire at 40, the savings rate it takes, how to reach your money before 59½, health cover, and a sample plan with numbers.Read the guide
Put a guide into practice
Each calculator runs your numbers through 2,000 Monte Carlo simulations and every historical retirement since 1928. See how they work on our methodology page.
- FIRE CalculatorWhen can you retire? Your FIRE number, FI age and odds of success, tested against 98 years of market history.
- Coast FIRE CalculatorFind the balance where you can stop saving and let compounding carry you to retirement.
- Barista FIRE CalculatorSee how much part-time income shrinks the portfolio you need to leave full-time work.
- FIRE Number CalculatorHow much you need to retire, adjusted for Social Security, pensions and your withdrawal rate.
- Lean FIRE CalculatorBuild a lean retirement budget line by line and see how fast a frugal plan gets you free.
- Fat FIRE CalculatorPlan a high-spending retirement with taxes, lower withdrawal rates and Chubby FIRE tiers.
- Early Retirement CalculatorPick the age you want to retire and get the savings you need, plus how to bridge to 59½.
- How Much Do I Need to Retire?A nest-egg target built from your spending, retirement length and guaranteed income.
- How Long Will My Savings Last?See how many years your retirement savings last, and the odds across every market since 1928.
- 401(k) CalculatorProject your 401(k) balance with your employer match, 2026 contribution limits and catch-up contributions.
- Roth vs Traditional 401(k) CalculatorCompare Roth and traditional 401(k) contributions after tax, using the 2026 federal tax brackets.
- Retirement CalculatorA free retirement savings calculator: will your savings, Social Security and pension cover retirement?
- 4% Rule CalculatorHow much you can spend from your savings with the 4% rule, or how much you need, and how often it held up in history.
- Safe Withdrawal Rate CalculatorFind a withdrawal rate that matches your retirement length, stock mix and tolerance for risk, tested on every market since 1928.
- Retirement Compound Interest CalculatorSee how compound growth builds your retirement savings, and how withdrawals draw it down, in today's dollars.
- Savings Rate CalculatorHow many years to financial independence at your savings rate, and when you reach the crossover point.